Solar Panel Performance in Cold Weather
A common misconception is that solar panels are not very efficient during winter. While it's true that solar panel power is highest when exposed to direct sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, temperature doesn't play a major role in the overall performance of a solar panel. Paradoxically, when it comes to solar panel power generation, cold weather can actually be beneficial.
The effect of low temperatures on the efficiency of solar panels.
Basically, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, regardless of how cold or hot the weather is. Photovoltaic panels are more efficient in cold weather because electrical conductivity improves at lower temperatures.
Panel efficiency begins to decrease above the rated maximum temperatures; in the low temperatures during winter, solar panels operate at maximum efficiency. However, the few hours of sunlight in winter compensate for the increased efficiency.
The effect of snow on solar panel production.
Of course, panels will not produce energy when covered with a thick layer of snow. However, factors including certain inherent qualities in the design of solar panels make it possible to neutralize or mitigate the harmful effect of snow:
- Installing solar panels at an angle
This allows snow to slide off the panels more easily, and the steeper angle can help maximize sunlight during the winter, making it difficult for snow to accumulate.
- Absorption of heat by dark silicon cells in solar panels
Dark solar panels trap sunlight, and the resulting heat helps melt the ice. The temperature of the solar panels is usually 20°C higher than the ambient temperature. Therefore, even a very small amount of sunlight helps the solar panels heat up and accelerate ice melting.
- The Whiteness Effect
This is a phenomenon where a portion of sunlight is reflected back into the atmosphere when it hits certain surfaces. Due to the albedo effect, solar panels surrounded by snow can absorb up to twice the amount of light, leading to increased energy production from your solar panels.
Generally, snow will not significantly impact the operation and performance of solar panels in winter. Don't risk injury or damage to the panels by attempting to remove the snow. The long summer days will compensate for any minor loss in production.
